Modeling of Clean Water Distribution Networks in Blang Oi and Punge Ujong, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Clean water distribution systems are essential for public health and urban sustainability, yet many developing urban areas face challenges related to uneven service quality and hydraulic inefficiencies. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the clean water distribution network in Blang Oi and Punge Ujong Villages, Meuraxa District, Banda Aceh, and to assess its ability to meet community water demand. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, integrating hydraulic modeling using EPANET 2.2 with field data, including pipeline characteristics, population demand, and customer water consumption patterns. The network model consisted of 137 junctions, 144 pipes, one reservoir, and one booster pump, and was simulated over a 24-hour period to capture variations in pressure, flow, velocity, and headloss. The results indicate that, in general, the system meets acceptable pressure standards, with values ranging between 41.44 and 63.78 mH₂O during peak hours. However, significant hydraulic issues were identified, including low flow velocities in several pipes (below 0.3 m/s), uneven flow distribution, and localized high headloss exceeding recommended limits. The system also exhibits a bimodal demand pattern, with peak factors reaching up to 2.94, placing stress on the network during morning and evening periods. These findings suggest that while the infrastructure is functionally adequate, it is not yet hydraulically optimized. Therefore, improvements in pipe sizing, network configuration, and demand-based operational management are necessary to enhance system efficiency and service reliability.
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